Expert guidance for allergy season

Seasonal allergies affect millions of Americans each year, and in Central Texas, symptoms can feel almost constant. From cedar pollen in the winter to grasses in the summer, allergens circulate throughout much of the year, triggering symptoms such as sneezing, congestion and itchy eyes.

For many patients, allergies can also affect breathing. “Nearly every day in clinic, I see at least one or two patients whose lung problems are tied to their allergies,” says Brittany Rosales, M.D., M.S., a pulmonologist and critical care medicine specialist in UT Health Austin’s Pulmonology Clinic.

Understanding what causes seasonal allergies and how to manage them can help patients reduce symptoms and avoid complications.

Why allergies are common in Central Texas

Several factors contribute to the intensity of allergy season in Central Texas, including the region’s vegetation and climate. Trees, grasses and other plants release pollen throughout the year, which can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.

“Allergies are related to the types of vegetation that grow in an area,” Rosales says. “Various plants release pollen that can travel for miles, so Austin’s allergy season is influenced not only by local vegetation but also by plants in the surrounding Hill Country carried in by the wind.”

Changing environmental conditions may also play a role. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, some research suggests that climate change contributes to longer and more intense allergy seasons by allowing pollen to remain in the air for longer periods.

Common allergens throughout the year

Central Texas residents often experience different allergy triggers depending on the season. While exact timing may vary, common allergens include:

• Winter: Tree pollen from cedar and ashe juniper trees
• Spring: Tree pollen, including oak, ash and elm
• Summer: Grass pollen and mold spores
• Fall: Ragweed

Because these seasons overlap, some people may experience allergy symptoms for much of the year.

Do I have allergies or a cold?

Seasonal allergies can sometimes be mistaken for a cold or other respiratory illness. Both can cause similar symptoms, particularly early on.

“There’s this conundrum of, ‘Am I sick or is this just allergies?’” Rosales says.

Allergy symptoms typically include:

• Nasal congestion
• Runny nose
• Sneezing
• Itchy eyes, nose or throat

In contrast, viral illnesses such as colds or the flu often cause additional symptoms.

“With a cold or infection, we’re more likely to see fever, chills, body aches or a sore throat,” Rosales says.

Paying attention to patterns can also help. People who experience symptoms around the same time each year may be more likely to be dealing with allergies.

When allergies affect the lungs

Allergens can affect the entire respiratory system, not just the nose and sinuses. In some cases, symptoms extend deeper into the lungs.

“When allergens are inhaled, the body reacts by triggering inflammation,” Rosales says. “That inflammation can affect the airway all the way down into the lungs.”

For some patients, this may lead to symptoms such as:

• Persistent coughing
• Increased mucus production
• Wheezing
• Shortness of breath

Tips to manage seasonal allergies

While seasonal allergies can be frustrating, several strategies can help reduce symptoms and improve comfort.

“One of the biggest mistakes people make is waiting until they’re already suffering to start treatment instead of being proactive,” Rosales says.

Patients who know they experience seasonal allergies may benefit from starting treatment before symptoms begin.

Common management strategies include:

• Starting oral antihistamines or nasal steroid sprays one to two weeks before allergy season
• Checking local allergy reports and limiting outdoor exposure when levels are high
• Avoiding outdoor activities during peak pollen hours
• Showering and changing clothes after spending time outdoors
• Using air purifiers or regularly cleaning bedding to reduce indoor allergens such as dust mites and pet dander

When to see a doctor

For many people, over-the-counter medications can effectively manage seasonal allergies. However, persistent or severe symptoms may require medical evaluation.

“If someone experiences severe coughing, wheezing or shortness of breath — especially if they already have asthma or another lung condition — that’s a good time to see a doctor,” Rosales says.

A physician can help determine whether symptoms are related to allergies alone or if an underlying lung condition may also be involved. Diagnostic testing, such as blood work or breathing tests, may help guide treatment.

“The biggest takeaway is knowing if you have allergies and when they tend to bother you and being proactive about managing allergies,” Rosales says.

For more information or to schedule an appointment with UT Health Austin, call 1-833-UT-CARES (1-833-882-2737).